注意偏向训练对广泛性焦虑障碍负性情绪注意偏向的影响

摘要： 采用改良的点探测任务，探讨了注意偏向训练能否改变GAD患者的负性情绪注意偏向并缓解其焦虑状态，及注意偏向训练的作用机制。结果发现，与控制组相比，训练组被试的负性注意偏向分数显著降低，具体表现为训练后训练组的负性注意解除能力显著高于控制组，两组被试的负性注意警觉在前后测均未有显著变化；注意偏向训练引起了GAD患者积极情绪的变化，缓解了状态焦虑。这证明了注意偏向训练对改变GAD患者负性情绪注意偏向及缓解其焦虑状态的有效性，并揭示这种改变主要是通过提升其对负性刺激的注意解除能力来实现的。
Abstract: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common neurosis disorder characterized by sustained nervousness and anxiety with no definite reasons. The processing of attention plays an important role in the pathogenesis and maintenance of anxiety disorder. Some Studies indicate that anxiety individuals have attentional bias towards threat stimuli, which is the key factor of leading to anxiety. Attentional Bias Training (ABT) is a method of using a systematic training task to change this attentional bias. With the help of ABT such as a modified version of the dot-probe task , we can train individuals with anxiety to direct attention away from negative stimuli, which in turn alleviates symptoms of anxiety. Using a modified dot-probe task, the study aims to examine whether the method can modify the negative emotional bias of patients with GAD and relieve their anxiety, meanwhile, analyze the still unclear mechanisms of ABT. Thirty-six patients with GAD were randomly allocated into training group and control group, they need to complete pre- and post- assessment which include emotional assessment and attentional bias assessment, and training task. The attentional bias training comprised a modified dot-probe task where pictures of faces with either a disgust or neutral emotional expression cued different locations on the computer screen. In training group, a probe that participants responded to always followed neutral faces that paired with a disgust face. In the control group, the probe appeared with equal frequency in the location of the disgust and neutral faces. The pictures of faces are real facial expressions selected from the Chinese Facial Affective Picture System. The Positive Affect and Negative Affect scale (PANAS) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were chosen to assess the emotion states of the participants. E-prime program was used to present stimulus and record the reaction time. The statistical data was analyzed with SPSS16.0. The results showed that the negative attentional bias score and negative attentional disengagement score were significantly lower in training group than in control group. It is reflected that the effect of ABT was definitely found in correcting the negative emotional bias of patients with GAD, and this effect obtained is based on reducing the difficulty to