高中生感恩与心理一致感的关系:积极情感与积极应对的中介效应

摘要： 采用整群抽样法对449名高中生进行了感恩，积极情感，积极应对以及心理一致感的测量，通过结构方程模型分析了积极情感与积极应对在感恩与心理一致感之间的中介作用，结果如下：(1) 感恩既对心理一致感有直接预测作用，占总效应的46%，又可以通过积极情感与积极应对间接作用于心理一致感，占总效应的54%，总中介效应要大于直接效应；(2) 感恩到积极应对作用路径的差异值临界比(CRD)存在性别差异，男生的路径系数(γ = 0.43, p < 0.01)显著高于女生(γ = -0.01, p > 0.05)。
Abstract: This study had two main purposes: (1) whether gratitude could predict the sense of coherence (SOC) via positive affect and positive coping style; (2) whether gender could moderate the mediating effect of positive affect and positive coping style. We hypothesized that gratitude could directly predict SOC (H1); gratitude could also enhance SOC through increasing positive affect (H2) and positive coping style (H3) ; Furthermore, positive affect and positive coping style played a chain mediating effect between gratitude and SOC (H4) ; gender could moderate the mediation model (H5). 449 participants were recruited from two ordinary high schools in Hohhot, 51.6% of which were male and 48.1% female (Mage= 17.58, SD= 1.06). The questionnaires were Adolescent Gratitude Scale, Adolescents’ School Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Trait Coping Style Questionnaire and SOC Scale (13 items). Furthermore, a confirmatory analysis was used to test common method variance. Results indicated that four-factor model was better than single-factor model(Δχ2/Δdf = 72.45, p < .001), making sure the study is accurate enough in terms of common method variance. In order to validate our hypotheses, a structural equation model (SEM) was built. Overall, the results of goodness-of-fit indices revealed that the SEM fitted the data well (χ2/df = 3.21, p < .001，RMSEA = .07, CFI = .94, NNFI = .91, GFI = .95). The Bias-corrected Nonparametric Percentile Bootstrap test showed that both the direct and indirect effect were significant. Specifically, gratitude could directly predict SOC (the effect size was 46%),?and more importantly, it could also enhance SOC through increasing positive affect (the effect size was 24%) and positive coping style (the effect size was 10%). Also, positive affect and positive coping style indeed played a chain mediating effect between gratitude and SOC (the effect size was 20%). Therefore, our hypotheses 1- 4 were verified. A multi-group analysis found that the CRD (Critical Ratios for Differences between Parameters) of path coefficient from gratitude to positive coping style was only significantly different between males and females (CRD = |-2.06| > 1.96, p < .05), so our hypothesis 5 failed to be fully validated. We concluded from this study that gratitude could not only