社会性发展迟滞大学生的表情加工及其类别知觉

摘要： 本研究比较了社会性发展迟滞大学生与正常大学生的表情加工，探讨迟滞个体表情加工的特点及可能原因，还验证面部表情类别知觉效应。采用Morph情绪面孔实验发现：除恐惧情绪外，基本表情的强度越大被试对表情的识别越好；但迟滞个体的表情加工速度比正常个体慢，对愤怒的识别也更差；他们辨别混合表情中悲伤、愤怒的类别界线都发生偏移。迟滞个体的表情加工能力不如正常个体，并且对悲伤具有反应偏向，对愤怒存在加工缺陷。
Abstract: Social delay refers to the one with normal cognitive development but their social development was inferior to peers', such as self-concerned on the interpersonal relationship, incapable to feel sympathy for others, and the mal-adaption on social behavior. The study take the college students with social delay as experimental group and the normal students as compared group, to clarify the differences of their recognition on facial expressions, to investigate the processing characteristics of facial expression on college students with social delay and analyze the possible reasons, as well as to confirm the effect of categorical perception for emotional faces. The MorphMan technology were used to produce the continua on which each face expressions differed in signal intensity. On the experiment 1, the participants were asked to recognize the basic facial expressions (sad, angry, fear, surprise, happy, disgust) with changing intensity. The result shows that the performance of facial expression recognition are getting better with the intensity increased, except for fear emotion. The college students with social delay have longer reaction time for those basic facial expressions than their normal peers, and lower accuracy on angry emotion. Additionally, the students with social delay having the best performance on sad emotion. The categorical perception paradigm are adopted on experiment 2. On the AB-X discrimination task, participants viewed facial expressions A and B that differed by 20% intensity increments, and to discriminate the image X is identity with A or B. The result shows that the social delay group are significant slower on discrimination than their normal peers. And confirmed the categorical perception effect of facial expressions that although participants are presented with a series of facial expressions distributed along a continuum between emotions, observers perceive these stimuli as belonging to discrete categories, the result also demonstrated the between-category advantage. After the AB-X task, all the students completed an identification task, they identified the expression of morphed facial image(happy-sad, angry-sad, angry-fear). The social delay group are significant slower to identify the expression that contained angry emotion than their normal peers. Then, fitted logistic function P=c+(d-c )/(1+e– (x–a)/b) for