全球宗教变迁与华人社会——世俗化、宗教化、理性化与躯体化

摘要 20世纪的宗教变迁带来了一些影响全球社会生活并在今天持续产生重要作用的新发展，这其中最重要的四个趋势就是世俗化、宗教化、理性化与躯体化。这些发展趋势也影响了华人社会，通过考察两个相当不同的华人地区——中国江苏和中国台湾，我们可以看出这两地在全球化宗教变迁中的差异性与共同性。通过观察与研究可以看出，两地的相似性显示出在不同政治背景下，两地共享的文化传统和共同受到的全球影响的相对重要。与此同时，一些明显的差异性也在两地宗教生态上表现出来，尤其重点表现在地方寺庙崇奉状况，以及佛教和基督教发展的各自特点方面。
Abstract： This paper discusses four of the most important global trends as they were accommodated, adjusted, and transformed on both sides of the Taiwan Strait: the removal of religion from politics(secularization), the attempt to confine it to a purely religious sphere(religionization), the increased interest in textual authority and religious self-consciousness(rationalization), and an increase in the direct physical manifestations of belief through unmediated physical experience(embodiment).The current similarities show the relative importance of shared cultural traditions and share global influences over differing forms of political control. Nevertheless, some significant differences have also appeared in the religious ecology of the two places, especially in the relative importance of local temple worship, Buddhism, and Christianity. One result is that Taiwan's adaption to global religious change has had much stronger indigenous Chinese roots than we see on the mainland.