朝鲜战争的缅甸回响:吴努政府中立外交缘起再议

摘要 1948-1950年，缅甸只是口头上宣称中立主义，实际上却希望同西方国家建立同盟关系。朝鲜战争爆发后，吴努政府很快意识到加入西方阵营对自身国家安全的危害，并因此尝试以联合国为舞台在东西方两大阵营间推行中立外交。同样是由于受到朝鲜战争的影响，杜鲁门政府着手秘密支持国民党残部。这种侵犯缅甸主权的行为促使吴努政府于1953年3月决定不再接受美国的经济援助，并转而同中国扩大经贸往来。简言之，朝鲜战争是塑造缅甸中立外交政策的重要因素之一。从中可以看出，重大冷战事件的影响经常是跨地区的，表现形式之一便是发生在一个地区的东西方关系变动改变了另一地区某个国家所处的国际环境乃至于它的对外战略认知与实践。
Abstract：Although Burma declared that it would implement neutral diplomacy in 1948-1950,U Nu administration hoped to form an alliance with Western countries. After the Korean War broke out,U Nu administration quickly realized that joining the Western Bloc would cause damage to Burma's national security and consequently tried to pursue neutral diplomacy between Eastern Bloc and Western Bloc at the United Nations. Similarly, because of the Korean War, Truman administration decided to support KMT remnantsclandestinely. This kind of behavior that infringed Burma's sovereignty enabled U Nu administration to stop receiving U.S. economic assistance in March 1953 while expand bilateral economic and trade cooperation with China. In a word,the Korean War played a very important role in shaping Burma's neutral diplomacy. This case study shows the cross-regional impacts of major Cold War events. Or more specifically, transformation in the relationship between East and West occurred in one region caused the changes of some country's international environment in another region or even its foreign strategy.