基于居住选择与居住意愿的中国老年人生活满意度的微观研究

摘要 近年来，随着人口老龄化的不断加剧，中国老年人的生活满意度及其居住选择和居住意愿得到了广泛的关注。利用2011年与2013年中国养老与健康追踪调查（CHARLS）的数据研究发现，无论老年人是否愿意与子女共同居住，其居住意愿得到满足都对生活满意度具有显著的正向影响。进一步研究发现，老年人与子女的相对收入和老年人的健康状况是影响老年人居住意愿能否得到满足的主要因素。因此，为满足老年人的居住意愿从而提升其生活满意度，政府应建立并完善养老保险制度，增强养老保险基金的支付能力；同时应根据老年人对医疗服务的特殊需求，建立健全养老医疗服务和医疗保险制度。
Abstract： In recent years, with the aging of the population, the life satisfaction of Chinese elderly people as well as their actual and preferred living arrangements have attracted extensive attention. Using 2011 and 2013 of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS), this paper shows that the realization of preferred living arrangements has positive effects on the life satisfaction of the elderly, no matter whether they are willing to live with their children. In addition, the elderly's relative income compared with their children and their health status are main factors that result in the unmet preferred living arrangements. Thus, in order to meet the preferred living arrangement and elevate their life satisfaction, a completed pension system shall be established and the coverage of pension fund shall be enlarged. Besides, the system for medical services and health insurance shall be improved in accordance with the elderly's special requirements for medical services.