基于浦东新区企业调查的产业政策效用及其影响因素研究

摘要 产业政策的制定是一个公共选择的过程，产业政策效用受政策供求关系的影响，取决于政策供给因素和政策受众因素的相互作用关系。基于对上海浦东新区企业调查的数据分析，实证检验其产业政策效用的影响因素和效用表达，结果表明：企业对产业政策效用的实际感知高于预期，产业政策表现出有限效用，短期效用比长期效用更明显；产业政策的实际长期效用低于预期，两者的不平衡关系将激励产业主体推动政策创新。政府在制定产业政策过程中受自身主观偏好的影响较大，产业政策与企业需求的契合度较低，削弱了产业政策效用；产业政策的稳定性和推广渠道的多样性有助于提升产业政策效用；对地方经济发展做出较大贡献的企业，更加容易获得产业政策的倾斜和扶持，发展水平高的企业反馈较高的产业政策效用。因此，为了进一步优化区域产业政策、提高产业政策效用，相关方面应重视市场规律、制定细分政策、注重长效性与阶段性的结合、优化政策信息发布与管理、完善执行评估机制。
Abstract： The formulation of industrial policy is a process of public choice. Industrial policy effectiveness is influenced by the relationship between policy supply and policy demand and depends on the interaction of policy supply factors and policy audience factors. Based on the data analysis of Industrial Policy Survey in Pudong New Area, this paper studies the influential factors of industrial policy effectiveness. The results show that when the actual perception of industrial policy effectiveness is higher than the expectation of it, industrial policy partly fails, while short-term effectiveness is more pronounced than long-term effectiveness; and when the actual benefits of long-term effectiveness is lower than expected returns, this unbalanced relationship will incentivize industry players to promote policy innovation. In the process of formulating industrial policy, the government has a greater influence on subjective preferences, and the degree of fit between industrial policy and corporate needs is low, which weakens the effectiveness of industrial policy; the stability of industrial policy and the diversity of promotion channels help to improve industrial policy effectiveness. Enterprises that make greater contributions to the development of local economies are more likely to gain industrial policy tilts and support, and those with higher levels of development feedback higher industrial policy effectiveness. Therefore, in order to further optimize regional industrial policy and improve the effectiveness, decision makers should pay more attention to the laws of market, making subdivision policy, combining the long-term and phased nature of policy, optimizing information distribution and management, and improving the implementation and evaluation of policy.