“小山”吟望“塞下秋”——读词小札二题

摘要 唐宋词大体可分为艳婉词与庄重词二大类，前者如温庭筠的《菩萨蛮》等，后者如范仲淹的《渔家傲》等。艳婉词大多抒写日常情事，不必要也不可能逐词考证求解，而可以文学的想象力去领悟，如温词“小山重叠金明灭”句中之“小山”；有些庄重词如范仲淹的《渔家傲》确乎关系重大，则必须以考证之助才能准确地理解其背景和意蕴，否则泛泛读过，反会错失其中寄托、误解其中滋味。
Abstract： Ci poetry in the Tang and Song Dynasties can be roughly divided into two categories, that is, ci poetry with a grateful and restrained style(for instance, WEN Ting-yun's Pusaman) and that with a solemn and grave style(for instance, FAN Zhong-yan's Yujia'ao). The former category, which is usually about daily life and emotions, should be appreciated with literary imagination rather than be examined word by word through textual research. A good example is the expression of "small mountains" in WEN Ting-yun's verse of "small mountains are overlapping while the sunshine is flickering". However, some poems with a solemn and grave style, such as FAN Zhong-yan's Yujia'ao, are related to significant issues of that time, so that we should study word by word through textual research to exactly grasp their backgrounds and implications, which are not open to a quick reading.