“挖掘”与“追认”——现代散文理论吸纳古典资源的独特方式

摘要 现代散文理论吸纳古典资源的方式是多方面的，其中独特的是“挖掘”与“追认”。“挖掘”，即是将古代不少无人重视或极少有人视为散文作品及其理论的，以现代“纯文学”散文观念衡量，重新“挖掘”出来。“追认”就是追加认可，既有概念本身的追认，也有散文家、散文理论家的追认，有散文及其理论作品的价值及地位的追认。“追认”是一种文化心理上的“追宗认祖”，由“古已有之”证明自己理论的合理性。散文理论家以晚明小品为重点，不仅向前“追认”，还向后“追认”。“追认”是一种“文化命名”，每一次“追认”都是对被追认者的重新评价，是文学史的“重写”。“追认”的弊端是明显的，往往“遮蔽”了文学史部分真相。
Abstract： There are many ways for modern prose theory to absorb classical resources, among which "discovery" and "retroactive recognition" are two particular ones. "Discovery" means to "re-dig" prose works and doctrines which were paid little attention after evaluating them with modern concepts of "pure literature". "Retroactive recognition" means to retroactively approve some concepts, essayists, prose theorists, and the value and status of some prose works and doctrines. "Retroactive recognition" means to "date back to ancestors" in cultural psychology so as to justify one's own theory with the "evidence in the past". Taking the essays in the late Ming Dynasty as the example, prose theorists "recognize" both forward and backward. "Retroactive recognition" is a kind of "cultural naming". Each "retroactive recognition" is a revaluation of the recognized and a "rewriting" of literature history. However, "retroactive recognition" suffers from the obvious disadvantage of "covering" the truth of literature history to some extent.