试释宋本《玉篇·五音之图》与“宫商”“五姓”之名

摘要 从汉魏至宋元的汉语语音史文献中常常提到“五音”“五声”“宫商角徵羽”“五姓”等相关的名目，已有不少学者做过解释。“五音”在大多数文献中都用来指称声母的类别（“唇牙喉舌齿”），“宫商”之名也有类似的涵义。论文中指出，宋本《玉篇》后附《五音之图》的“五音”包含了10个代表字，每组2个，一共五组。其区分标准并非声母、声调，也不是介音或主元音，而是“韵”的语音性质，即主元音和韵尾搭配后的五种不同的口腔发音状态。另外，汉代以来的文献资料里将“五姓”与“宫商”相联系，也应该从这个角度来解释，而且历史上前后一致，很有规律。
Abstract： The items like "five tones"(wuyin), "five sounds"(wusheng), gong-shang-jue-zhi-yu, and "five families"(wuxing) have been frequently mentioned in the literature of phonology from the Han-Wei to the Song-Yuan Dynasties. There has been various explanations since the Qing Dynasty. In most cases, "wuyin" or "gong-shang" refers to the types of initial consonants(of lips, teeth, throat, tongue, etc.). This thesis finds that "wuyin" in "The Chart of Five Tones" attached to Yupian of the Song version contains ten representative characters which are divided into 5 groups with 2 characters in one group. The standard of division is neither consonant or tone nor head vowel or main vowel, but articulatory gesture of the rhymes among the characters, that is, five different mouth shapes to pronounce the main vowels combining with the terminal sounds. In addition, it can also be explained from this angle the coherent connection of "wuxing" with "gong-shang" in the texts since the Han Dynasty.