论环境资源案件跨区域集中管辖制度的完善

摘要 我国环境资源案件跨区域集中管辖尚处于探索阶段，各地做法不一。现行主要做法是根据生态系统或生态功能区、案件性质和河流流域、环境资源案件数量、人口数量和经济社会发展水平等因素确定集中管辖法院，或者依托铁路法院实现跨区域集中管辖，实行环境资源案件“二合一”或“三合一”的审理模式。跨区域集中管辖适度打破了行政区划和司法区划的重合，具备良好的价值和作用。但在实践中，存在法律依据不足、跨区域程度不高、不方便当事人诉讼、环境资源刑事案件跨区域管辖难以落实等问题和局限。要突破现行改革的局限性，应将跨区域集中管辖法定化，调整集中管辖的层级和地域范围，同时积极采取措施方便当事人诉讼。
Abstract： China has been exploring the trans-regional centralized jurisdiction(T-RCJ) on environmental resources cases in recent years, which is now varying from place to place in practice. There are some factors to decide the T-RCJ court, including ecosystem or ecological function area, nature of the case combined with river basin, and environmental resources caseload, population and the level of economic social development. T-RCJ can also be carried through a railway court, which implements the judicial mode of the unity of two or three traditional trials. T-RCJ can solve the issue of jurisdiction overlap between administrative division and judicial division. However, there are also some problems and limitations of T-RCJ in practice, such as the lack of legal basis, the undeveloped trans-regional degree, the inconvenience for filing lawsuits, and the difficulty to make the criminal cases under jurisdiction. Therefore, some innovations should be carried on to improve the T-RCJ.