保障性住房失配度及其影响因素研究——以西安市为例的实证分析

摘要 基于空间失配理论，保障性住房失配度可界定为保障性住房特定范围内公共服务配置未覆盖的程度。运用ArcGIS软件分析西安市保障性住房与公共服务配置的空间关系，发现时间序列上西安市保障性住房失配度在2007-2015年呈现出先下降后趋于平缓的趋势，失配度总体由失配向适配转变；在空间格局演化上，随时间推移保障性住房失配现象整体好转，但呈现出边缘化程度加重的状况，未央区、长安区、灞桥区失配现象较内城区严重。进一步研究发现，可将保障性住房失配现象的影响因素归纳为三个方面，其中政策调控是主导因素，市场演变是基础因素，个体选择是内在因素。因此，应当发挥政策的引导作用，通过融合市场机制提高政策运行效率，同时加强供给侧结构性改革，实现公共服务资源的有效供给，以推进住房保障事业的发展，实现不同区域公共服务均等化。
Abstract： Based on the spatial mismatch theory,the affordable housing mismatch can be defined as the ratio of non-covered public services in a certain range of affordable housing.This paper uses ArcGIS to analyze the spatial relationship between affordable housing and public service facilities in Xi'an.The results show that affordable housing mismatch degree of Xi'an decreased evenly in 2007-2011,and it gradually turned to adaptation in 2011-2015.As for spatial evolution,affordable housing mismatch is improved overall,but the effect of marginalization is increasing in the sense that the mismatch in Wei-yang District,Chang-an District,Ba-qiao District is more serious than the urban center of the city.Further research shows that there are three factors which influence the mismatch of affordable housing:the policy regulation is the major factor,the market evolution is the basic factor,and the individual choice is the internal reason.To improve the development of housing security and realize equalization of public services in different regions,we should make policy play a guiding role,integrate market mechanism to improve the efficiency of policy operation,enhance the structural reform of the supply side and achieve an effective supply of public service resources.