一流学科建设的制度研究——以美国哥伦比亚大学新闻学院和密苏里大学新闻学院的学科制度变革为例

摘要 健全的学科制度是发达国家成就一流学科的关键因素所在。通过对美国新闻传播体系中声名卓著的两所新闻学院的学科制度变迁的梳理，发现这两所一流新闻学院的新闻传播学科制度具有以下共性特征："外部评价"（如基金会捐赠）对新闻传播学科方向的划分和设置有着重大影响；依托"课程项目增减"就可以完成专业课程体系的调整；用"小班授课，顶点应用"的模式组织教学；坚持使用"共同治理"进行学科管理，上述种种特征共同构成了新闻学院的学科建设制度，为我国一流的新闻传播学科制度建设提供了借鉴。
Abstract：Through the analysis on the transformation history of the discipline of journalism in two prestigious journalism schools in America, the authors find out that their discipline institutions share some common features. First, external impetus (like the foundations) has significant effects on the division and configurations of the discipline of journalism. Second, programs of study in journalism discipline can be adjusted through increasing or decreasing curriculums. Third, small classes are taught in both schools, which focus on both academics and practices. Finally, the institutional framework based on joint-management constitutes the institutions of discipline construction in schools of journalism, which can provide inspiration and reference to the construction of top discipline of journalism and communication in China.