教育行政执法协同性：模式、问题与推进路径 ——基于当前改革实践的案例研究

摘要 当前，加强教育行政执法的协同性，已成为教育行政执法体制改革的重要工作方向，对于加快建立权责统一、权威高效的教育行政执法体制，破解当前教育行政执法领域面临的突出问题具有十分重要的意义。本文首先对教育行政执法体制改革试点工作的案例进行分析研究，从教育行政部内内协同和跨部门协同两个层面，总结、归纳了当前提高教育行政执法协同性的实践模式。而后探讨了教育行政部门内协同中存在的人员编制受限、职权配置不清、法律制度障碍、同级区域协同不足等问题，以及跨部门协同中存在的政府部门间协同程度不高、与第三方力量的协同程度不高、执法重心下沉尚不彻底等问题。最后，从加强顶层设计与制度供给、合理划分职权范围、推进教育督导与教育执法的结合、探索建立教育领域跨部门综合执法机制、充分发挥基层街镇组织的作用、加强与第三方力量的协同六个方面提出进一步加强教育行政执法协同性的对策建议。
Abstract： The relationship between education and politics, economy, science and technology is complex, supportive and restrictive. In the period of social transition, the transfer of the decentralized educational administrative law enforcement（EALE）not only makes the environment of EALE more complicated but also makes its agents more diversified. All this requires a highly coordinated mechanism. Thus, the ongoing reform of the system of EALE launched by Ministry of Education, China puts emphasis on enhancing the synergy of EALE and establishing an efficient EALE system. The policy documents state some strategies from the following aspects: distribution of administrative powers, arrangement of law enforcement agencies, and capacitybuilding of law enforcement. In order to improve the synergy of EALE, it is very essential to examine and analyze the existing patterns and its shortages. The synergy of EALE occurs at two levels: the inner synergy in the educational administrative system and the crosssector synergy. The practice pattern of the inner synergy pays more attention to the hierarchical synergy and the synergy between the inner agencies; to the reform of inner comprehensive EALE; to the building of special functional offices and affiliated institutions; and to the administrative agency itself or the power delegated by the superior. However, there are some problems in the inner synergy, such as limited staffing, vague power allocation, legislation barriers, flawed crossregional synergy. On the other hand, the practice pattern of the crosssector synergy focuses on the reform of joint law enforcement and the synergy between different administrative departments. Also, there are some shortages in the crosssector synergy, including insufficient synergy between different government departments, improper synergy between governments and nongovernment organizations, etc. In the future, it is imperative to improve the synergy of EALE from the following six aspects: reinforcing the toplevel design and institutional supply, allocating powers rationally, combining EALE with education supervision, exploring the reform of crosssector comprehensive administrative law