因材施教原则的教育正义之意蕴

摘要 因材施教不仅仅是一种教学原则，而且还作为一种教育原则体现在教育实践的全过程。因材施教原则在本质上是教育正义原则的具体体现。首先它表达了教育者与受教育者关系的合法性与正当性，其次它表达了其根本目的就是要实现教育所意味着的事情。因材施教的前提条件是对受教育者个体差异和特点的尊重与承认，依据受教育者的个体差异和特点对其进行有针对性的教育。因材施教的根本目的是要保证每一个受教育者在自身基础上成为卓越的人，成为具有人的品质的真正的人，使每一个学生通过教育不仅获得生存能力，而且还获得创造自身幸福生活的能力。实现这种目的的教育，即实现教育所意味着的事情的教育，就是正义的教育。因材施教是教育正义的题中之意。
Abstract：Teaching students based on their aptitude is not only a teaching principle, but also an educa-tional principle throughout the whole process of education practice. In essence, teaching students based on their aptitude embodies education justice. Teaching students based on their aptitude reflects the legitimacy and justification of the relationship between educators and students. Its fundamental purpose is to achieve what education means to be. The prerequisite of teaching students based on their aptitude is to respect and ac-knowledge the individuality and characteristics of students and to deliver targeted and tailored education based on these differences and characteristics. The fundamental purpose is to ensure every student can start from where they are and become a better self and a true human being with human qualities. Education for this pur-pose is justice education, which is the implication of teaching students based on their aptitude.