高校研究生体育锻炼行为的实证研究

摘要 为有效应对研究生体育锻炼与健康问题遇到的新情况和新挑战，本研究对包括"双一流"建设大学等在内的全国171所高校的8208名研究生进行了有关体育锻炼与健康问题的问卷调查和量表评定，并从研究生体育锻炼的行为意向（包括态度、意愿）、研究生体育锻炼行为的特征（包括阶段分布、锻炼形式、锻炼动机、知识技能、活动等级、障碍因素）、研究生体育锻炼的外界环境资源（包括软、硬件环境资源）等方面，系统地对我国高校研究生体育锻炼行为的有关情况进行了实证研究。研究发现：高校研究生的体育锻炼状况不容乐观，研究生积极的体育锻炼态度和意愿没能转化为有效的体育锻炼行为，研究生体育锻炼活动等级水平较低（不能对其全面健康产生明显的促进作用），高校对研究生体育锻炼的重视程度还不够，等等。本研究提出了促进研究生体育锻炼行为和全面健康水平提升的相关建议，同时再次呼吁高校要充分关注和重视研究生的体育锻炼与身心健康。
Abstract：This paper addresses the new problems and challenges of the physical exercise and graduate students' health. It deals with an investigation and evaluation among 8,208 graduate students from 171 universities, including the universities on the list of "Double First-Class" project. By using the quantitative and qualitative methods, the authors analyze the physical exercise behavior of the graduate students in the following aspects:behavioral intentions (attitude and will), features (stage partition, mode, motivation, knowledge, activation level and obstacle factor) and exterior resources (software and hardware). The results show that for the graduate students, the situation of the physical exercise is not optimistic. The positive attitude and will do not enhance physical exercise behavior. The activation level of physical exercise is low, which cannot contribute to the health of graduate students. Also, the universities have not attached much importance to the physical exercise of graduate students. In conclusion, suggestions are made to improve the physical exercise behavior and students' health, and universities should pay more attention to the problems of the physical exercise and health.