在改革中探索和完善具有中国特色的高考制度

摘要 自1977年恢复高考制度以来，高考改革就一直在路上。在自主报考、择优录取的基本原则下，我国高考改革经历了从全国统考到分省命题，从一年一次考试到一年两考，从纸笔考试、录取到电脑考试、录取，从所有考生考同样的学科到不同的人可以选考不同的学科，从一张考卷定终身到参考多种因素综合录取，从所有高校考同样的内容到不同类型学校分类考试等变化。这种尊重中国考试传统和文化心理又面向现代化、面向未来的具有中国特色的高考制度，在探索中不断走向完善。
Abstract：Gaokao (National College Entrance Examination) in China has been changing since its resumption in 1977. Guided by the principles of voluntary application and merit-based admission, the Gaokao system with Chinese characteristics values Chinese examination tradition and cultural psychology, as well as celebrates the orientation towards modernization and future. The system has greatly improved through continuous reform explorations, involving the change from the state-level organizing of national examination to the provincial, from Gaokao once a year to twice a year, from paper-based testing and enrollment to computer-based, from one-size-fit-all examined subjects to personalized selection scenario. In addition, the undifferentiated examination has shifted to a differentiated one targeting various types of higher education institutions; and the enrollment policies now focus on applicants' comprehensive qualities rather than their examination results alone.