穿不同鞋与裸足对羽毛球蹬地动作下肢及跖趾关节运动协调特征的影响

目的 探讨穿着不同鞋和裸足对羽毛球典型蹬跨步动作蹬地时腿下肢和跖趾关节运动协调的影响，为羽毛球运动的科学训练和专用鞋的选择及研发提供理论基础。方法 选取优秀男子羽毛球运动员作为研究对象，穿着某品牌羽毛球成品鞋、某款羽毛球样品鞋和裸足作为不同鞋条件，并以羽毛球典型蹬跨步作为测试动作。利用Vicon运动捕捉系统和高速摄像仪同步采集下肢蹬地过程中髋、膝、踝和跖趾关节的运动学及协调特征。结果 （1） 在蹬地阶段，穿着两款羽毛球专项鞋时下肢各关节的运动学表现并无显著性差异，但相比裸足，两款鞋均在一定程度上增加踝、跖趾关节的角速度，并显著减低各关节角速度到达峰值的时间；（2） 下肢运动协调特征方面，3种足鞋条件均表现为在相近时间内下肢髋、膝、踝和跖趾关节由近及远依次加速蹬伸。结论 穿着运动鞋具备更好的蹬伸动力来源，能增加蹬伸的速度和效果，有利于提高运动表现；羽毛球蹬伸动作协调性的表现形式倾向于顺序性与同步性的合理组合，建议应针对性地加强踝、跖趾等末端关节的速度和力量训练。
Objective To explore the influence of footwear and barefoot on movement coordination of the lower extremities and metatarsophalangeal (MP) joints during push off phase in typical lunge footwork of badminton, so as to provide theoretical basis for scientific training of badminton, as well as choice and development of badminton shoes. Methods Male badminton elites were recruited and required to perform the typical push-off footwork in playing badminton under two shod conditions (commercial badminton footwear and a prototype) and the barefoot condition. A Vicon motion capture system and a high-speed video camera were simultaneously employed to collect the kinematics and coordination characteristics of the hip, knee, ankle and MP joints during the push-off stage of the lunge step. Results (1) No substantial difference was found in joint kinematics of the lower extremities during push-off stage for wearing two types of badminton shoes adopted in this study. Compared with barefoot, wearing badminton shoes could increase the angular velocity of ankle and MP joints to some extent and significantly decrease the time of peak angular velocity occurrence in each joint; (2) With respect to characteristics of movement coordination, the hip, knee, ankle and MP joints were accelerating successively in a proximal-to-distal way during push-off under three foot-shoe conditions. Conclusions Footwear can provide the dynamic source during push-off, and contribute to improve the velocity and effects of push off in order to enhance performance. The movement coordination of the lower extremities during push off in the lunge step is more inclined to be a rational combination of sequence and synchronization. Consequently, more attention should be paid to the speed/strength training of the ankle and MP joints.