高冲击运动时不同着陆姿势对骨密度和骨矿含量的影响

目的 研究不同类型高冲击运动对于骨密度（bone mineral density, BMD）和骨矿含量（bone mineral content, BMC）的影响。方法 招募39名志愿者，其中伞兵、篮球运动员和作为对照组的普通大学生各13名，将其分成两组（第1组：20～22岁；第2组：23～25岁），分别测量跟骨、第1～5跖骨、髋关节和腰椎（L1～4）BMD和BMC。结果 篮球运动员跟骨、第1、2跖骨、总腰椎和髋部BMC显著大于伞兵和对照组；篮球运动员在腰椎、髋关节和股骨颈处BMD也显著大于其他组；伞兵和对照组在测量部位的BMD和BMC无显著性差异。结论 BMC与BMD并非总是正比于平时运动时的垂直地面反作用力。相比跳伞训练，篮球运动能更好提高BMC和 BMD，这种变载荷运动作为训练方法，更有利于降低骨质疏松性骨折的风险。
Objective To study effects of different types of high-impact exercises on the increment of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) . Methods Thirty-nine male volunteers, including 13 hoopsters, 13 paratroopers, and 13 common college students as the control, were recruited and divided into two subgroups (subgroup 1:20-22 years old; subgroup 2:23-25 years old). Their BMDs and BMCs on calcaneus, first through fifth metatarsus, hip, and lumbar spine (L1-4) were evaluated. Results The BMC of calcaneus, the first and second metatarsals, total lumbar spine, and total hip in the hoopster group was significantly higher than that in the control group and paratrooper group. The hoopster group obtained statistically higher BMD at the lumbar spine, hip, and femoral neck than the other two groups. However, the BMCs and BMDs of the paratrooper group and control group had no significant differences at almost all measured anatomical locations. Conclusions BMC and BMD are not always in positive correlation with vertical ground reaction forces during normal exercises. Compared with parachuting training, playing basketball as a kind of variable load exercise can effectively increase BMC and BMD, and is more beneficial for reducing the risk of osteoporotic fracture.