背向行走足底压力分布特征对平衡能力的影响

目的 研究背向行走过程中足底压力的变化，从而探究其对人体步态平衡能力的影响。方法 使用足底压力测量系统（Pedar-X压力鞋垫）采集10名受试者在正向和背向两种行走模式下的足底压力数据。试验在跑步机上进行，以正向行走作为对照试验组。依据试验条件及预试验时受试者的直观感受，选取4个速度（2.0、2.5、3.0、3.5 km/h）分别进行两种行走模式下的试验，分析不同速度下足底压力中心轨迹、足底压力、足-地接触时间等参数的变化情况。结果 不同速度的两种行走模式下，人在行走过程中的足底压力有所不同。背向行走过程中，足底压力中心从足前部向足跟过渡，从内侧向外侧过渡。相比正向行走，背向行走时的足底压力显著减小，行走过程中的足-地接触时间有所增加。结论 研究背向行走的压力分布有助于更全面地理解人的动态平衡机制，并为行走稳定性的相关研究提供新视角。
Objective To study the changes of plantar pressure during backward walking, so as to explore its effects on balance ability of human gait. Methods Plantar pressure measurement system (Pedar-X pressure insoles) was used to collect the plantar pressure data from 10 subjects during forward walking and backward walking, respectively. The experiment was conducted on the treadmill, and the forward walking was set as the control group. According to the test conditions and intuitive feeling of test participants, 4 speed values (2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 km/h) were selected to carry out the experiment under two walking modes, respectively. The changes in parameters such as plantar pressure center trajectory, plantar pressure and foot-ground contact time under different speed were analyzed. Results Under two walking modes at different walking speed, subjects showed different plantar pressure during walking. During backward walking, the plantar pressure center transferred from the front foot to the heel and from inside to outside. Compared with forward walking, the plantar pressure during backward walking decreased significantly while the foot-ground contact time increased. Conclusions The study on pressure distribution during backward walking contributes to comprehensively understanding the mechanism of dynamic balance and provides a new perspective for related study on walking stability.