基于不同刚体模型对老年女性步态的仿真研究

目的 比较不同的多刚体模型在模拟老年女性步行过程中的仿真精度，并在最优模型的基础上探索行走速度对膝关节负荷的影响。方法 在人体运动仿真软件ADAMS/LifeMOD中分别建立19个环节（M1）、16个环节（M2）和12个环节（M3）的个性化人体模型和地面，并依次进行步态的仿真研究。结果 综合比较3种模型仿真得到的垂直地面反作用力、步行时间和下肢关节角度，M2模型最适用于重现步态的实际情况。当老年女性加快步行速度时，垂直地面反作用力峰值、膝关节力矩和功率峰值都得到明显提高。结论 建议老年女性多加强股四头肌的力量锻炼，以改善其步行行为。同时，研究结果 在临床上也可为膝骨关节炎患者的康复治疗提供参考依据。
Objective By comparing the accuracy of different multi-rigid-body models used for simulating walking process of elderly women, to explore the effect of walking speed on the load of knee joints based on the obtained optimal model. Methods In human motion simulation software ADAMS/LifeMOD, the individualized human body models with 19 (M1), 16 (M2) or 12 (M3) links and the corresponding grounds were established, respectively. Then, the dynamic simulation of gait based on 3 models was conducted in turn. Results By comparing the vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), the walking time, the lower extremity joint angles among 3 models, M2 was the most applicable model to reproduce the real performance of gait. When elderly woman fastened their walking speed, the peak values of vGRF, the knee joint torque and power peak were all increased significantly. Conclusions It is suggested that elderly women should do more training for their quadriceps to improve their walking behavior. The research findings also provide references for rehabilitation treatment of knee osteoarthritis patients in clinic.