建立人体头颈动力学有限元模型和验证

目的 建立符合解剖结构的头颈三维动力学有限元模型，研究冲击力作用下头颈部动力学响应。方法 采用中国成年男性志愿者颈部CT扫描图像，获取颈椎三维点云数据，通过有限元前处理软件ICEM-CFD和HyperMesh建立颈部有限元模型。模型包括椎骨、椎间盘、小关节、韧带和软骨等组织，结合已建立并验证的头部有限元模型，装配成具有详细解剖结构的人体头颈部有限元模型。结果 模型参考公开发表的头颈部轴向冲击实验数据进行验证，其颈部变形、头部加速度、接触力曲线以及损伤部位与实验数据吻合较好。结论 动力学三维有限元模型可用于汽车安全、运动学损伤等领域人体头颈部的动态响应和损伤机制研究。
Objective To construct a three-dimensional (3D) dynamic head-neck finite element model which accords with the anatomical structure, and study its dynamic responses under the external force. Methods By using the neck CT images of a Chinese adult male volunteer and obtaining the 3D cervical point cloud data, the finite element model of cervical spine was established using ICEM-CFD and HyperMesh software. This model, including vertebrae, intervertebral discs, facet joints, ligaments and cartilage tissues, and combining with the established and verified head finite element model, was assembled as human head-neck finite element model with detailed anatomical structures. Results The model was validated by data of head-neck axial impact experiments reported in previously published literature. The simulation results showed that the neck deformation, head acceleration, head force and injury positions were preferably consistent with the experimental data. Conclusions The established 3D dynamic finite element model can be used to study head-neck dynamic responses and damage mechanism in the fields of traffic safety and impact injuries.