着鞋和触地方式对慢跑时足部受力特征的影响

目的 探讨穿鞋和裸足跑在不同触地方式下对足部受力特征的影响。方法 利用Medilogic鞋垫式足底压力测试系统和Kistler三维测力台采集并比较12名健康男性受试者在着鞋与裸足情况下分别进行后跟触地与前掌触地慢跑（3 m/s）时的受力特征，包括冲击力峰值、最大负载率、足底压力峰值以及冲量。结果 （1）后跟触地时，穿着运动鞋可以显著降低最大负载率，并且延缓冲击力峰值出现的时间。前掌触地时，穿鞋时的最大蹬地力量要显著大于裸足；（2）不同触地方式对于足底各区域压力峰值参数的影响相较于着鞋条件更多，主要表现为两种触地方式之间对于足中区和足后区足底压力峰值和出现时间的差异。结论 不同触地方式对于慢跑时的足部受力影响更为显著。穿鞋后跟触地跑能降低冲击负荷，而裸足前掌触地跑则会使足底压力过度集中于足前部，提示慢跑时无论采用何种触地方式均可以通过选择合理的运动鞋来减小足部受力。
Objective To investigate the influence of barefoot running and shod running with different foot-strike patterns on characteristics of plantar pressures. Methods Kistler force plates and Medilogic insole plantar pressure system were used to collect and compare the kinetic data from a total of 12 healthy male volunteers under shod and barefoot conditions with heel-toe run and toe-toe run at the speed of 3 m/s, including the GRF, loading rate, plantar pressure and impulse. Results (1) Shod running with heel-toe strike significantly reduced the maximum loading rate and extended the time to reach the peak of impact force. Under forefoot strike pattern, shod running significantly increased the maximum push-off force than barefoot running. (2) More plantar pressure parameters were influenced by the foot-strike patterns as compared to those under the shod conditions, and there was a significant difference in the peak pressure and the time to reach the peak pressure in the mid-foot and heel region between the two foot-strike patterns. Conclusions The foot-strike pattern shows a more obvious influence on plantar pressure during jogging than the shod conditions. Shod running with heel strike can reduce the impact force, while barefoot running with forefoot strike can cause an excessive concentration of plantar pressure on the forefoot region, which indicates that a suitable pair of sports shoes is needed for both foot-strike patterns to reduce plantar pressure during jogging.