植体弹性模量变化对牙种植体和骨组织应力分布的影响

目的 通过三维有限元法分析，探讨植体弹性模量变化对牙种植体和骨组织应力分布的影响，为新型牙种植系统的研究提供实验依据。方法 应用螺旋CT数据，建立下颌骨和种植体模型。设定植体弹性模量分别为110、90、70、55和40 GPa，模拟咬合状态，在垂直、水平、斜向分别施加300、100、130 N的静止载荷，计算并分析各组在3种载荷下植体周围骨组织和牙种植体各部分的应力。结果 随着植体弹性模量的降低，水平和斜向载荷下牙种植体周围皮质骨受到的应力会随之降低，种植体的应力也呈逐渐减小趋势。结论 降低牙种植体材料的弹性模量有利于载荷在种植体和周围骨组织中的传导，降低种植义齿晚期失败的风险。
Objective To investigate the effects of changes in elastic modulus of dental implants on stress distributions in implants and peri-implant bone by 3D finite element analysis, so as to supply experimental evidence for new implant system. Methods The model of the mandible with implant bone was constructed based on CT data. The elastic modulus of implants was set as 110, 90, 70, 55 and 40 GPa, respectively. The model was applied with static load of 300 N in vertical direction, 100 N in horizontal direction and 130 N in oblique direction, respectively, to stimulate occlusal state. The stresses on different parts of implants with different elastic modulus and peri-implant bone under 3 kinds of loads were calculated and analyzed. Results As the elastic modulus of implants declined, stresses in cortical bone around implants under horizontal and oblique loads decreased, and stresses in the implants showed a decreasing tendency as well. Conclusions The decrease in elastic modulus of implants can benefit the transferring of load from the implants to the surrounding bone, and reduce the risk of long-term implant failure.