血管内皮细胞糖萼与脂蛋白

血管内皮细胞糖萼是位于内皮细胞表面的一层多糖蛋白复合结构，在内皮细胞表面形成选择性通透屏障。在对糖萼进行概述后，主要针对在流动剪切力作用下，糖萼与物质传输，尤其是与大分子物质如低密度脂蛋白（low density lipoprotein，LDL）的关系展开论述。其关系体现为：一方面，糖萼的厚度和完整性影响LDL的浓度极化及跨内膜输运；糖萼中的硫酸肝素蛋白聚糖参与残余脂蛋白代谢的全过程。另一方面，LDL的氧化产物ox-LDL会破坏内皮细胞糖萼层的主要成分硫酸肝素。研究糖萼与脂蛋白的关系，将为阐明动脉粥样硬化的发病机理提供新的线索，并为将糖萼作为新的防治靶点提供更多依据。
Vascular endothelial cell glycocalyx is a layer of glycoprotein complex located on the surface of endothelial cells, forming a selective permeation barrier on the surface of endothelial cells. In the present review, after a brief introduction of glycocalyx, the relationship between glycocalyx and mass transport under fluid sheer stress (FSS), especially the relationship between glycocalyx and macromolecules such as low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been discussed. This relationship was reflected as following: on the one hand, the thickness and integrity of the glycocalyx affects the concentration polarization of LDL and its transendothelial transport and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) participates in the whole process of residual lipoproteins metabolism. On the other hand, ox-LDL, an oxidized product of LDL, destroys heparan sulfate (HS) which is a major component of the endothelial cell glycocalyx. The study on relationship between vascular endothelial glycocalyx and lipoproteins will provide a new clue to elucidate the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and provide more evidence to view the glycocalyx as a new control target.