利用头颈有限元模型研究散打运动中颈椎韧带损伤的风险

目的 研究有限元颈椎模型在预测散打中颈椎韧带损伤风险的作用，比较摆拳及直拳击打后颈椎韧带受力的差异。方法 基于CT图像利用图像处理软件Mimics进行头-颈骨骼部分的三维重建，并导入HyperMesh建立一个有效的头颈有限元模型，在对该模型的力矩-运动范围及击打后头部加速度进行验证后，比较不同击打力量（2.60、3.30、4.35 kN）下直拳及摆拳击打对颈椎韧带受力大小、分布的差异。结果 所建颈部有限元模型具有良好的生物有效性，其预测的受击打后头部线性加速度及旋转加速度与参考文献相符。在摆拳模拟中，韧带最大受力部位位于环枕韧带，当击打力从2.60 kN增加至4.35 kN时，摆拳击打后韧带受力最大值分别为207、265、263 N；而在直拳击打后韧带受力最大部位位于环枢韧带，其受力最大值分别为96.8、91.4、101.4 N。在同样的击打力量下，摆拳所致的颈椎韧带受力较直拳更大。结论 与直拳相比，散打摆拳更容易引起颈椎韧带损伤；头颈有限元模型可用于散打所致颈部损伤的生物力学机制研究，为散打的训练及损伤预防提供更精确的参考。
Objective To investigate the role of cervical spine finite element model in predicting the risk of cervical ligament injury during Sanda combat (Chinese boxing), and compare the differences in mechanical responses of cervical ligaments after Baiquan (hook boxing) and Straight punches (cross boxing). Methods After 3D reconstruction of the head-neck osseous structure by using Mimics software based on CT images, an accurate head-neck finite element model was developed with HyperMesh software. The moment-ROM (range of motion) of the model and the head acceleration after punching were validated. Then differences in ligament force and distribution were compared between Baiquan and Straight punches under different punching forces (2.60, 3.30, 4.35 kN). Results The established head-neck model was validated to have good biofidelity, and the predicted values of head linear acceleration and rotational acceleration after punching were in agreement with those reported in the literatures. As the punching force increased from 2.6 kN to 4.35 kN, the maximum force in cervical ligament was 207, 265, 263 N in Baiquan, and 96.8, 91.4 and 101.4 N in Straight punch, which was located at atlantoaxial ligaments. Under the same force level, Baiquan generated greater force in cervical ligament than Straight punch. Conclusions Compared with Straight punch, cervical ligament injuries are more likely to occur in Baiquan during Sanda combat, and the established finite element neck-head model can be used in studies of biomechanical mechanism of Sanda-induced injuries, which may provide a more accurate reference for Sanda training and injury prevention.