常压和高压环境下噪声对耳蜗的影响

目的 探讨常压和高压环境下噪声对耳蜗的影响，用数值模拟弥补试验手段不足导致的噪声对耳蜗听力行为特征研究的缺失。方法 基于健康人耳蜗CT扫描图像，结合自编程序，利用PATRAN软件建立三维螺旋耳蜗有限元模型。应用NASTRAN软件进行流固耦合频率响应分析和瞬态响应分析，通过数值模拟方法模拟常压和高压环境中噪声对耳蜗的影响。结果 模型计算结果与文献中已报道的试验结果相吻合，验证了模型的正确性。当频率小于5 kHz时，常压和高压环境中噪声激励下基底膜位移基本一致；当频率大于5 kHz时，常压环境中噪声激励下基底膜位移逐渐减小，而高压环境中噪声激励下基底膜位移却持续增加。结论 高压环境中噪声对基底膜高频影响更加明显。数值模拟结果弥补了试验手段不足导致的噪声对人耳蜗听力行为特征研究的缺失，为今后对耳蜗进行针对性试验研究提供了新的思路和理论支承。
Objective To study the influence of noise under normal and high pressure environment on the cochlea, so as to make up for the defect caused by the lack of testing means to study the noise effect on behavioral characteristics of cochlear hearing by using numerical simulation method. Methods Based on CT scan images of healthy cochlea, and combined with self-programming, the three-dimensional finite element model of the cochlear spiral was established by using PATRAN software. Analysis on flow solid coupling frequency response and transient response was conducted by using NASTRAN software, and the impact of noise under normal and high pressure environment on the cochlea was numerically simulated. Results The calculated results were in agreement with the experimental results reported in the literature, which verified the correctness of the model. When the frequency was lower than 5 kHz, the basement membrane displacement by noise excitation under normal and high pressure environment was basically the same; when the frequency was higher than 5 kHz, the basement displacement by noise excitation under normal environment decreased gradually. Conclusions Under high pressure environment, the high-frequency noise shows a more obvious effect on the basilar membrane. The numerical simulation results can make up for the deficiency in studies about noise effect on characteristics of human cochlear hearing due to the lack of experimental methods, and provide new ideas and theoretical support for targeted experimental study of the cochlea in the future.