爆炸冲击波和高速破片载荷的复合作用特性及判据研究

为探讨爆炸冲击波和高速破片对固支方板的复合作用特性，设计端部预制破片的TNT近爆试验。分析了大尺度薄板在不同载荷情况作用下的毁伤形貌，根据试验结果提出了结合载荷强度和作用时间来判定是否发生复合作用的判据。结果表明：在近距离爆炸时，平板在载荷复合作用下整体发生大挠曲变形，局部受高速破群作用发生密集的侵彻穿孔，两种载荷具有很强的复合毁伤能力；当距离增大后冲击波的毁伤能力极大减弱，达到一定范围距离后，破片成为防护结构的主要设计载荷，可以忽略复合作用；通过判据可以比较合理地判断出结构在某一爆距下，冲击波和高速破片两种载荷是否发生复合作用，并可以计算需要考虑复合作用的区间。
Abstract：In order to explore multiple impact characteristics of blast shock waves and high-velocity fragments on clamped square plates, TNT near detonation tests for ends’ prefabricated fragments were designed.The damage morphology of large scaled thin plates under different blast loads was analyzed．Based on test results, a criterion was proposed to judge if multiple impact happens using load intensity combined with impact time.Results showed that when blasting happens at close range, the whole plate has a large flexural deformation under multiple impact, and its local has dense penetrated perforations under the action of high-velocity fragments, the loads in these two cases have a very strong damage ability; with increase in the distance the shock waves’ damage ability weakens greatly, after reaching a certain distance, the fragments become the main design loads of protective structures to neglect the multiple impact; the criterion can be used to determine if there is multiple impact of shock waves and high-velocity fragments on a structure under a certain blasting distance, and calculate the blasting distance interval requiring to consider the multiple impact.