聚能射流侵彻飞机铝合金蒙皮的仿真与实验研究

为解决传统切割方法难以满足野外条件飞机蒙皮破孔损伤战场抢修要求的问题，提出利用装药聚能效应切割清理金属蒙皮受损区域的方法，开展了2mm厚2A12铝合金薄板聚能切割新工艺探索。将聚能切割技术的应用载体确定为内部装填黑索金、带有楔形凹槽的铅外壳金属管式切割索。利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件，构建了切割索侵彻铝合金板的有限元模型，运用正交设计法，分析了不同工艺参数组合下切割索的切割性能，对装药线密度、药型罩夹角、炸高3个影响因素进行了优化。经实验验证，数值计算与实验结果吻合良好，证明了有限元模型的准确性，并最终将聚能切割工艺确定为装药线密度1.5g/m、药型罩夹角80°、炸高0。原型实验表明，采用该参数的新型切割索在切割精度、异形切割等方面均符合飞机蒙皮破孔损伤战场抢修的工艺要求。
Abstract：Traditional cutting methods cannot meet the repair requirements of aircraft skin perforation damages under battlefield conditions.This article proposed a novel method to cut metal skin damage areas by taking advantage of the Munroe effect of charges.The authors conducted research on the new explosive cutting process using 2A12 aluminum plates of 2 mm thickness.The application carriers of the explosive cutting technology were lead-shell metal-pipe linear shaped charges with wedge-shaped grooves,and the cutters were filled up with hexogen (RDX).Based on the ANSYS/LS-DYNA,the finite element model of the linear shaped charge penetrating aluminum alloy plates was constructed.The cutting performances of linear shaped charges under different process parameter sets were analyzed using the orthogonal design method.Three influencing factors,including charge linear density,liner apex angle,and standoff were optimized.The numerical calculation results agree well with the experimental results,which indicates the favorable accuracy of the finite element model.In the end,the optimized explosive cutting process parameters were decided as a charge linear density of 1.5 g/m,a liner apex angle of 80°,and a standoff of 0.The prototype tests implies that new linear shaped charges adopting these parameters could meet the battlefield repair requirements of aircraft skin perforation damages in the aspects of cutting accuracy and abnormity cutting.