妊娠期糖尿病对母子的远期影响及产后随访策略
Long-term effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on mothers and offspring and strategies of postpartum follow up

妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)是指妊娠期间发生的或首次发现的任何程度的糖代谢异常，不包括孕前已诊断或已患糖尿病的患者。GDM不仅增加孕产期母婴不良事件，而且其对母子的影响并未随着妊娠的结束而终止，GDM可使母亲2型糖尿病、心血管疾病、代谢综合征及抑郁症的发病率升高，增加子代糖代谢异常、高血压、肥胖的发生风险，而有效的产后随访及干预能降低这些风险。该文就GDM对母亲和子代的远期影响以及GDM患者母子产后随访的策略和方法作一综述。
： Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance that is first identified during pregnancy, excluding diabetic patients diagnosed before pregnancy. GDM not only can cause adverse events in mother and infant during pregnancy, but also has long-term effects after pregnancy. GDM can increase the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and depression in mothers and elevates risks of abnormal glucose metabolism, hypertension, and obesity in offspring. Effective postpartum follow up and intervention can reduce those risks. This article reviews long term effects of GDM on mothers and offspring and strategies and methods of postpartum follow up