升温、灌溉和施氮对冬小麦产量的影响
Effect of Warming,Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Yield of Winter Wheat

以扬麦11为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,在小麦全生育期内利用玻璃温室模拟气温升高2~3 ℃,以大气温度为对照,同时设置2个水分水平,即正常灌溉(按照高产田的常规管理,每次灌水量为6 L)和减半灌溉(较正常灌溉的灌水次数减半,即间隔灌溉),和3个施氮水平(208、416和624 kg/hm2),研究温度、水分和施氮3个因素对冬小麦生长和产量形成的影响。结果表明,升温增加了冬小麦株高,降低了地上生物量(包括秸秆生物量和籽实产量)和根系生物量,降低了小麦单穗籽粒数、千粒重和效分蘖数。其中,在正常灌溉处理下,升温导致208、416和624 kg/hm2施氮处理的籽实产量下降了21%、7%和29%,秸秆产量降低了28%、28%和34%,而在减半水分处理下,升温导致小麦籽实产量和秸秆产量下降的幅度相对较小。416 kg/hm2施氮量的籽实产量和穗粒数下降幅度最小,温度与水分和氮肥之间的互作对籽实产量有显著的影响,适度施氮肥能够有效缓解升温引起的小麦产量下降幅度。
Effects of warming,irrigation and nitrogen addition on growth and yield of winter wheat (Yangmai 11) were studied.In whole growth period,using glasshouse to imitate higher temperature than air temperature,two levels of irrigation (normal irrigation with 6 L irrigation amount and half times of normal irrigation),and three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (208,6 and 624 kg/hm2) were selected and arranged in a split-plot experimental design.Results showed that warming treatment increased height of winter wheat,but decreased aboveground biomass (including stalk biomass and grain yield),root biomass,the grain numbers of per panicle,1000-grain weight and ineffective tillers.Under normal irrigation treatment,warming decreased grain yield and stalk biomass by 21%,7%,29%,and 28%,28%,34%,however,under limited irrigation,the decrement resulted by warming was relatively small.The warming-induced decrease in yield and grain number of per panicle was relatively small under nitrogen fertilization of 416 kg/hm2 treatment.The interaction among temperature,irrigation and nitrogen addition had obvious effects on wheat grain yield,and appropriate nitrogen addition can relieve the decrease of wheat yield caused by warming effectively.