载人小行星探测最优两脉冲转移轨道优化设计

为实现对目标小行星的载人探测，提出一种时间严格约束条件下的最优两脉冲往返转移轨道设计与优化方法.针对载人小行星探测任务的特点，建立了两脉冲转移轨道设计方案，初步设计了两脉冲往返转移轨道，并且利用序列二次规划算法进行了轨道优化，得到了各转移阶段的发射、到达窗口和最优往返转移轨道.仿真结果表明，给出的最优两脉冲往返转移轨道单次施加脉冲能够控制在5 km/s以内，可以满足未来300 d内的能量较小的载人小行星探测任务.
To achieve the manned asteroid exploration, the design and optimization method of two-impulse round-trip transfer trajectory for manned asteroid exploration is presented in the strict time constraint. According to the characteristics of the manned asteroid exploration, the scheme of the two-impulse transfer trajectory is established. Then the two-impulse round-trip transfer trajectory is designed preliminarily on the basis of the scheme. In each stage of the transfer trajectory, the launch window and the reach window are optimized by the sequential quadratic programming algorithm. Finally, the optimum two-impulse round-trip transfer trajectory is obtained. The simulation results show that the design of the optimum two-impulse round-trip transfer trajectory given in this paper is able to control the single impulse within 5 km/s, which is enough to achieve the manned asteroid exploration missions for 300 days by little energy.