高速铁路长大桥梁救援定点的选址决策模型

为提高高速铁路的防灾能力，确保救援定点布局经济合理，采用约束最优化法进行长大桥梁救援定点的选址决策.研究分析救援定点选址决策的3个约束条件：设置间距、风险等级和救援时程.以各地方救援部门至救援定点的时程总和最小为目标，建立长大桥梁救援定点的选址决策模型，并对模型进行实例验证.结果表明：当区间桥梁长度大于10 km时，应该沿线路方向每隔约6~10 km设置一处救援定点；应用贝叶斯网络理论评价救援定点备选位置的风险等级和采用Dijkstra算法求解地方救援部门至救援定点之间的最优时程是合理有效的.该模型计算过程简单，评价结果可靠，能够较好地解决长大桥梁救援定点的选址决策问题.
To improve the disaster prevention capacity of high speed railway, and ensure the economy and rationality of rescue sites, the constrained optimal method was used to solve the location decision-making of rescue sites on long bridges. Three constraint conditions, including the rescue sites spacing, the risk grading and the rescue time, were researched and analyzed. Least rescue time that relief vehicles reach the rescue sites from the local rescue departments was taken as optimal object, the location decision-making model of rescue sites on long bridge was established, and an example was applied to validate the model. The results show that the rescue site should set at interval of 6 km to 10 km when the bridge length is longer than 10 km. The Bayesian network theory is a feasible method to evaluate the risk grading of the alternative rescue sites, and the Dijkstra algorithm is a good way to determine the optimal path between the local rescue departments and the rescue sites. The present model is simple and reliable, and it could solve the problem of locating rescue sites on long bridges well.