汽车涉水时轮辐结构对车表水相分布的影响

针对汽车涉水时车身表面的水污染问题，将传统的汽车空气动力学知识和多相流理论相结合，运用图像处理技术给出车身表面水膜分布情况.通过对车轮辐板进行改型，建立不同开孔数目和开孔面积的车轮辐板模型，分析对比不同开孔数目和开孔面积对水膜分布情况的影响.试验结果表明，4种不同开孔数的辐板中，T7的涉水性能最优越，水膜覆盖率较原始值降低了20.67%.车轮辐板开孔有助于提高车辆的涉水性能，开孔数目越少车身表面的水相附着面积也越小.车轮辐板开孔数目相同时，车表水相附着面积随着开孔面积的增大而增大.
As for the vehicle surface water pollution problem during the car wading, this paper combined the traditional automotive aerodynamics expertise and multiphase theory to research the water film distribution with the image processing technology. Through modifying the wheel plate, the influence of the number of holes and the opening area on the distribution of water film was analyzed and compared. After the experiment, T7 model had the most perfect wading performance of the four different wheel plate opening holes number in this paper. The water film distribution ratio decreased by 20.67% compared with the original value. We can know that the spoke structure is conductive to improve the wading performance and the less number of spoke has the smaller water phase attachment on the vehicle body surface. When the opening area increase under the same number of wheel plate the water phase attachment area will also increase.