刑法立法的类型化表述及其提倡

刑法条款的修订旨在填补原有立法规定上的不足，但过于频繁的立法调整反映出我国刑法适应性的不足。精细化的刑法立法既有适用统一性的追求，又有从立法层面防范罪名“口袋化”的良愿。但过于精细的刑事立法与实践需求功能存在抵牾，限缩了司法者的解释空间，也无法及时与社会实践中出现的多样犯罪形态相对应。刑法规范具体与抽象的辩证关系，要求立法者在立法活动中运用类型思维，通过犯罪类型的本质特征来描述构成要件，采用类型例示法等技术选择，在动态中兼顾明确性与适应性之间的平衡。
The amendment of the provisions of the criminal law aims to fill the shortcomings of the existing legislative provisions. However, the too frequent legislative adjustment reflects the insufficiency of the adaptability of the criminal law in China. The refinement of criminal law has the pursuit of the unity of application, and a good wish to prevent the “pocket” of the crime from the legislative level. However, too fine criminal legislation and practical requirement conflicts. And this limits the explanation space of the judiciary, and is also not in time to correspond with the various forms of crime in social practice. The dialectical relationship between the concrete and the abstract in criminal norms requires that we should use the typological thinking in legislative activities, describe constitution of crime by the essential features of types of crime, take the type instantiation as method selection, and give consideration to the balance between clarity and adaptability in dynamics.