总体国家安全观视角下的权利限制――从反恐怖主义角度切入

总体国家安全观是系统性、综合性、体系化的国家安全治理理念，它强调“既重视发展问题又重视安全问题”，将人民的生活质量同公共安全关联起来。权利限制的正当化要件基于国家与个人的二元对立，主张个人自由的绝对性，将权利限制视为例外情形。反恐怖主义中的权利限制问题，动摇了目的正当性要件的基础，突破了手段合理性要件的适用范围，因此有必要重新构建具备实践解释力的理论框架和分析方法。总体国家安全观强调人民和国家的统一，调和权利和自由的关系，为权利限制的制度分析提供了条件。在总体国家安全观下，权利限制不再仅仅是价值冲突问题，而被转化为国家治理问题；权利限制的制度分析方法不是为个案结果提供辩护，而是为优化治理结构提供理据。
The overall national security outlook is a comprehensive and systematic idea of national security governance. It emphasizes “equal attention to development and security issues ”, and links people？？s quality of life with public safety. The justification of the limitation of rights is based on the binary opposition between the state and the individual, advocates the absoluteness of the individual freedom, and regards the limitation of rights as an exception. The problem of limiting rights in anti-terrorism has shaken the foundation of the legitimacy of purpose and broke through the scope of application of rationality of means. It is necessary to reconstruct the theoretical framework and analytical method with practical explanatory power. The overall national security outlook emphasizes the unity of the people and the state, reconciles the relationship between rights and freedoms, and provides the conditions for the institutional analysis of the limitation of rights. Under the overall national security outlook, the limitation of rights is not a matter of value conflicts, but a national governance problem. The institutional analysis of the limitation of rights does not justify the individual case results, but provides a basis for optimizing the governance structure.