基于角色责任的利益理论 ――权利概念分析新解

长期以来，意志理论和利益理论占据权利概念理论的主要阵地。现代意志理论以哈特的权利选择理论为代表，主张权利是一种选择。利益理论则以拉兹的新发展为代表，认为构成权利的利益能给出向他人施加义务的充分理由。然而，这两种权利概念理论并不能很好地应对频繁出现的权利争议。本文推进权利利益理论，提出围绕角色责任判断构成权利之利益的标准，以期为法院裁判权利争议案件提供助益，也希望责任的引入能为正当行使权利提供更多可能。
The will theory and the interest theory have been the two main approaches to the concept of rights for a long time. The modern will theory of rights is represented by H. L. A. Hart？？s choice theory, holding that rights are a kind of choice. In contrast, the interest theory, that has been developed by Joseph Raz, maintains that the interests constitutive of rights are those which are sufficient reasons for others to be under some duties. These two theories, however, cannot deal with various debates about rights that frequently emerge today. This paper makes efforts to further the interest theory of rights and proposes that we should identify the interests constitutive of rights on the basis of the responsibilities of different roles. By furthering the interest theory, this paper would like to make a contribution to judicial decisions on controversial cases about rights, and then provide some possibilities to identify the legitimate ways to exercise rights.