刑罚研究中的社会理论：历史演进与运用前景

晚近刑罚理论研究对通说虽有所突破，但是仍然不能很好地解决刑罚理论与实践、规范与事实、本土和域外之间的差异。社会理论始终关注刑罚问题，可以将刑罚现象置于社会结构之中，以社会变迁的视角、功能主义的观点、二阶观察的方法对刑罚体系展开研究。运用社会理论能够发现，刑事制裁模式与刑罚目的论不能划上等号，模式反映了社会体系运作的变迁，而刑罚目的论关注罪责问题。预防导向的犯罪论淡化了刑罚与其他社会控制之间的区隔，对此种犯罪论与刑罚论的结合应保持谨慎。“新报应主义”不能匹配晚期现代社会的运作模式，回归单一制刑罚模式不能应对现代社会的风险。应当时刻关注社会理论的演进，其会对刑罚制度的实践与理论均产生有益的促动。
Although the recent theoretical study of penalty has made some breakthroughs in the general theory,it still can not well solve the differences between the theory and practice of penalty,norms and facts,the local and foreign theory.Social theory of punishment puts the phenomenon of criminal punishment into social structures,and views it in the perspective of social transition,functionalist and second-order observation. Using social theory,we can find that the criminal sanction model and the criminal teleology can not be equated,the model reflects the changes in the operation of the social system,and the criminal teleology focuses on the issues of crime and responsibility.Prevention-oriented criminology weakens the distinction between penalty and other social controls,and we should be cautious about the combination of such criminology and penalty.Similarly,“new retributionism”can not match the operation mode of the late modern society,and the return to the single penalty mode can not cope with the risk of modern society.We should always pay attention to the evolution of social theory,which will stimulate the practice and theory of penalty system.