民法典“现实宪法”功能的丧失与宪法实施法功能的展开

近代以来，民法典编纂在推动民法由古典市民法向一般私法转型的同时，逐步丧失了古典市民法的“现实宪法”功能。在已确立正式宪法为根本法的现代法律体系中，无论是对民法典整体的宪法功能拔高，还是对其中以人格权、法人、国家所有权等为代表的具体规范的宪法功能拔高，都可能异化为对正式宪法的功能发挥的干扰。这将进一步松懈对民法适用所遭受的公权力干涉的宪法约束，疏失对公权力借助私法技术遁入私法、逃避公共义务的宪法规制，造成民法典本身规范功能的弱化。我国未来的民法典应定位在宪法实施法的功能路径上，通过对与民法典编纂相关的宪法规范进行系统释义，科学优化民法典编纂与解释适用的合宪性。
Since modern times, while promoting the transformation of civil law from classical civil law to general private law, the compilation of Civil Code has gradually lost the function of “authentic constitution”of classical civil law. In modern legal system in which the formal Constitution has been established as the fundamental law, artificially raising the constitutional function of Civil Code and its specific norms on the personality rights, legal persons, state ownership, etc., may be alienated as interference to the function of the formal constitution. This will further relax the constitutional restriction on the interference of public power in the application of civil law, neglect the constitutional regulation of public power escaping into private law and evading public obligations by means of private law technology, and result in the weakening of the normative function of the Civil Code itself. China？？s future Civil Code should be positioned on the functional path of the constitutional implementation law. By systematically interpreting the constitutional norms related to the compilation of the Civil Code, we can scientifically optimize the constitutionality of the application of the compilation and interpretation of the Civil Code.