立法评价方法初探――立法过程中价值评价的理性分析

立法评价方法是创立良善法律之科学工具，关注的是立法者内在的科学立法思维。立法评价的对象是法律规范所依据的价值关系。立法评价的基本内容包括：法律规范价值关系的范围确定，价值关系信息的全面总结与要素提炼，价值关系信息的类型描述，不同价值关系之间的比较和选择。经过立法评价而选择的“行为事实”、“社会需求”类型将会成为法律规范的初步内容，而立法评价所得到的价值判断也会成为该法律的规范目的之基础。整体上看，立法评价方法的操作过程，呈现出一种“立法评价之循环”特性，包括评价环节之反复与评价过程之循环两个方面。
Legislative evaluation method is a scientific tool to create good law, which focuses on the legislator’s inherent scientific legislative thinking. The object of the legislative evaluation is the value relationship which is the basis of the legal norms. The basic contents of legislative evaluation include the determination of the scope of the value relationship of legal norms, the comprehensive summary and extraction of the value relationship information, the description of the types of value relationship information, and the comparison and selection of different value relations. The types of “behavior facts” and “social needs” selected by legislative evaluation will be the preliminary contents of legal norms, and the value judgments obtained by legislative evaluation will also be the basis of the normative purposes of the law. On the whole, the operation process of legislative evaluation method presents a “cycle of legislative evaluation”, which includes the repetition of the evaluation link and the cycle of the evaluation process.