论行政诉讼的权利保护必要性

在行政诉讼中，权利保护必要性，又被称作狭义诉的利益，是指原告请求法院以裁判的方式保护其权利的必要性或实效性。对于缺乏权利保护必要性的起诉，我国法院一般裁定驳回。鉴于司法资源有限、当事人有平等利用司法制度的权利，法院以原告实施诉讼的利益为判断基础,斟酌被告应诉负担、其他人利用诉讼制度可能性等因素选择给有保护必要的权利提供救济，具有正当性。权利保护必要性就是在确定有实益、有效率、适时、正当的权利救济契机。在无益、低效、不适时、放弃权利保护、滥用诉权等情形下，一般会认为缺乏权利保护的必要性。权利保护必要性也可能因嗣后的原因而消灭。但因为权利保护必要性的判断可能伤及诉权，法院应当开庭审查，提供权利防卫的机会，在适用时应当遵守补充性、有限性、说理性等限制。
In the administrative litigation,the necessity of rights protection, also known as interest of action with narrow sense, refers to the necessity or effectiveness of the plaintiff’s request that the court protects its rights through judgment. For the appeals which lack the necessity of rights protection, Chinese courts generally reject them. In view of some factors, including the limited judicial resources,the right to equal access to the judicial systemthat the litigants have, the court makes its judgment based on the plaintiff’s interest in executing the lawsuit, and after considering the defendant’s burden of litigation and the possibility of others using the litigation system etc., it would be justified that the court chooses to provide remedies for the rights with necessary protection. The necessity of right protection is to determine the right relief opportunity which is beneficiary, efficient, timely and legitimate. In the cases of absence of benefit, inefficiency, inappropriate time, abandonment of rights protection, abuse of action, etc., generally there is not the necessity of rights protection. The necessity of rights protection may also be extinguished by ex post facto causes. However, judging the necessityof rights protectionmay hurt the right to sue, therefore the court should conduct the hearing openly and provide the opportunity for defense of rights. When the court applies it, the restrictions of complementarity, limitation and rationality should be observed.