当代传媒的政治性及其法律规制

传媒的中立性和公共性，是自由主义理论的一种理想预设。然而，传媒的政治性是无法回避的现实，它不会因为自由主义理论而不存在，也不会因为一些媒体人和社会不承认它而不存在。互联网虽然推动了民主政治的发展，但没有从根本上改变这种现实。当前中国传媒在“党的喉舌”之外，生发出了一种“去政治化”的政治性。传媒及其从业人员、活跃其中的群体和利益集团，通过舆论议程设置，引导人们关注特定的公共事件，将政治意图和政治诉求嵌入具体的治理问题之中。目前的传媒规制体系存在诸多缺陷，为此需要完善法律制度，将传媒的政治性纳入法律规制，以法治的方式维持其良好运转，使其表现为人民性。此外，应当保障传媒的权利，并为其行使设置底线，保障公众的表达权利和被听到的权利，同时改进管理模式，发挥国有传媒的正面引导作用，建设传媒行业伦理。
The neutrality and publicity of the media is an ideal presupposition of liberalism. However, the political nature of the media is an inescapable reality and it is impossible that the media does not exist because of the liberal theory, nor does it exist because some media people and societies do not recognize it. Though the internet promoted the development of democracy, it did not fundamentally change this reality. Currently, besides the function of “the mouthpieces of the Party”, the media in China develops a political nature “depoliticized”. Media, its practitioners, active groups and interest groups lead people to focus on specific public events, and so embed political intentions and political aspirations in specific governance issues by setting public agenda. There are many defects in current media regulation system, and this urges us to improve the legal system and take the politics into the legal regulation of media. So we should guarantee media rights, set boundaries and protect the public right of expression and the right to be heard. At the same time, we should improve the mode of management, play the positive role of the state-owned media and construct the professional ethics of media.