大数据时代侦查模式的变革及其法律问题研究

在大数据时代，传统侦查模式正在发生着全方位的变革，以数据空间为场景、以数据为载体、以算法为工具、以数据价值为目的的全新大数据侦查模式正在形成。技术层面，大数据技术与侦查业务相结合，促进情报资源丰富化、线索发现主动化、案情研判智能化；思维层面，大数据推动侦查思维从因果性转向相关性，从抽样性转向整体性，从回溯性转向预测性，从分散独立性转向共享协作性。大数据时代的侦查模式变革也带来相应的法律问题，司法公正、正当程序、司法证明规则以及数据治理体系都面临着挑战。对此，应构建大数据侦查的法治体系，通过数据与算法的规制来保障司法公正，通过规则的调整赋予大数据时代的正当程序新内涵，并基于大数据特征创新证明规则，完善大数据侦查背景下的数据治理体系。
In big data era,all-round changes are happening in the traditional pattern of investigation and the novel big data investigation mode will be based on the data space as the scene, the data as the carrier,the algorithm as a tool and the data value as the target. In technical level,a lot of improvement will be brought by the combination of big data technology and investigation,such as with more affluent investigative information,more active in finding crime clues and more intelligent for case analysis. In thinking level,big data is promoting the transition of investigation thinking mode from causal thinking to the correlative thinking,from sampling to the integrity thinking,from retrospective to predictive thinking,from decentralized independence to shared collaboration.At the same time,changes of big data investigation mode also bring new legal issues,such as challenges to the judicial fairness,due process,judicial proof and data governance.In this regard,we should construct the legal system of big data investigation,guarantee the judicial justice through the regulation of data and algorithm,endow the new connotation of due process in the era of big data with the adjustment of rules,innovate the rules of proof based on the characteristics of big data,and perfect the data governance system under the background of big data investigation.