论碳排放权的特许权本质

碳排放权物权说是国内有关碳排放权法律性质的主要学说。该说认为，一方面，从规范解释的角度来看，碳排放权具备物权的一般特征；另一方面，碳排放权物权化有助于大气资源的优化配置。但是，碳排放权物权说面临道德质疑，即碳排放权免费分配让公共资源变成了私人财产。基于此，一些国家的碳排放权立法通常明文规定碳排放权不具有财产权的地位。相比碳排放权物权说，用碳排放权特许权说来界定碳排放权更为合理，一来它具有行政法上的规范依据，二来它同样可以保护碳排放权持有者的合法权益，三来它赋予政府灵活性以有效应对气候变化的不确定性，四来它有助于推动气候变化应对技术的发展。
Most domestic environmental lawyers believe that carbon emission rights should be property rights,because carbon emission rights not only have the characteristics of property right,but also are helpful for rational distribution of air resources.However, this doctrine faces moral challenges, that is to say,the free allocation of carbon emissions turns public resources into private property. Based on this, the legislation of carbon emission rights in some countries usually stipulates that carbon emission rights do not have the status of property rights.Campare with property right doctrine, franchise doctrine is more reasonable.First, it has the reason from administrative law. Second, it can also protect the legitimate rights and interests of carbon emissions rights-holders. Third, it gives government flexibility to effectively reply the uncertainty of climate change. Fourth, it helps to promote the development of climate change response technologies.