互联网时代未成年人刑事特别程序的模式及其改革面向

以互联网技术为先导的工业革命，在带来了巨大效益的同时，也催生了一些负面效应，如互联网领域愈演愈烈的未成年人犯罪。随着未成年人刑事司法改革的不断深化，我国未成年人刑事特别程序逐步呈现三种模式，其中，特殊监护模式发端于国家亲权理念，优先保护模式滥觞于未成年人福利理念，修复关系模式发轫于恢复性司法理念。这三种模式皆为未成年人刑事司法改革的产物，都有各自得以存在的制度空间，也都有相应的局限性。针对存在的践行障碍，通过问卷调查、圆桌座谈和个别访谈等实证研究方法，从法理与实证维度探寻现行程序的改革面向，即福利兼正当程序。以福利为基础，强调通过正当程序保障未成年人福利，以期我国未成年人刑事特别程序真正迈向“福利兼正当程序模式”。
The industrial revolution guided by Internet technology has brought huge benefits, but it has also brought about some negative effects, such as juvenile delinquency and governance problems, which are becoming more and more intense in the Internet field. With the deepening of the criminal justice reform of minors, special procedures of juvenile criminal case gradually formed three modes. Among them, Special Care Model is originated from the conception of parenspatriae, Priority Protected Mode is originated from the conception of the welfare of minors, Repair Relational Model comes from the conception of restorative justice. These three models are all products of juvenile criminal justice reform, all of which has their own institutional room and limitations. In view of the existing practice obstacles, through questionnaires, round table discussions, individual interviews and other empirical research methods, from the perspective of jurisprudence and positivist dimension, we explore the reform orientation of the current procedure, namely welfare and due process. On the basis of welfare, we emphasize the protection of minors’ welfare through due process, so that our juvenile special procedures really go to the “welfare and due process” mode.