“法无明文规定”的基本类型与裁判规则

法的滞后性与不周延性等特性，决定了“法无明文规定”是成文法国家无法避免的客观现象。公力救济的程序正当性、诉权的人权属性以及实质正义实现等现代法治理念，要求司法机关即便面临“法无明文规定”困境，也不得对抗“司法不能拒绝裁判”的基本原理。经由司法实例分析，“法无明文规定”现象存在功能型、授权型和目的型的类型区分。经由不完全归纳，“法无禁止即可为”的私法自治规则、私法自治不得侵害他人合法利益规则、义务附加的权利补足规则以及法益衡量规则，可以为司法机关面临“法无明文规定”困境时提供科学的裁判指引。
The lagging and poor comprehensiveness of laws have decided that“without stipulation in explicit terms”is an objective phenomenon that cannot be avoided in countries with statutory laws. However, public remedy as the primary means of governance in the society with rule of law, the human right nature of the right of action, the realization of substantial justice and other modern legal conceptions require the judiciaries not to compete with the basic principle, “No Refusal to Give Judgment”, even in face of the dilemma of “without stipulation in explicit terms”. Through the analysis of judicial instances, it？？s found that the phenomenon of “without stipulation in explicit terms”can be divided into function type, authorization type and objective type. After incomplete induction, some principles, such as the autonomy of private law (“all is permissible unless prohibited”), the legal interests of others not infringed by the autonomy of private law, right supplementation to obligation addition and balance of legal interest, could provide scientific guidance to judiciaries when facing the dilemma of “without stipulation in explicit terms”.