教义分析与案例解说：读解刑事诉讼中的“认罪”、“认罚”与“从宽”

“认罪”、“认罚”与“从宽”是刑事诉讼中的基础概念，但并未随着相关制度试点的展开而获得足够重视。切入刑事速裁程序与认罪认罚从宽制度，并对相关文本进行教义学分析可知：认罪的构造兼具“理解”与“作出”之要件，外化为“心素”与“体素”之要素，被告人在审判阶段作出并由法官裁断的是“法律意义上的认罪”，有别于“自然意义上的认罪”。认罚是对可能判处之刑罚的认同，包含法定与酌定两种形式，前者是启动特定程序的必要条件，后者是被告人悔罪意愿的具体表现。但认罚不具有使被告人被从宽处罚或者阻却其上诉的绝对效力。从宽分为实体性从宽与程序性从宽两种模式。撤销案件、不起诉、变更强制措施、减少审前羁押期限等从宽形式均具有存在的正当性。从宽模式目前正处于开放发展的状态。法教义学研究结论表明，“认罪”、“认罚”与“从宽”蕴含着未被发现的丰富学理内涵。
Admission of guilty, acceptance of punishment and lenient discretion are basic concepts in criminal procedure which have not been paid enough attention with the pilot of the related system. Through the study on fast-track sentencing process and system of leniency on admission of guilty and acceptance of punishment, and adogmatics analysis of related texts, we can find that the structure of admission of guilty consists of understanding and action, which are expressed as mental element and behavior element. Admission of guilty in trial stage judged by judge is called admission of guilty in legal meaning which is different from that in natural meaning. Acceptance of punishment is approval of possible penalty, which contains two kinds, the statutory and the discretionary. The former is a necessary condition for starting a particular process, and the latter is the manifestation of the accused’s repentance intention. But the acceptance of punishment does not have the absolute effectiveness to give the accused a lenient punishment or prohibition of appeals. Lenient discretion is divided into the substantive and the procedural model. The forms of lenient discretion, such as revocation of cases, non prosecution, modification of coercive measures, and reduction of the duration of pretrial detention, all are legitimate. The model of lenient is now in a state of open development. The conclusion of the study of legal doctrines shows that admission of guilty, acceptance of punishment and lenient discretion contain the rich academic connotation that have not been found.