“司法机关”的中国语义

探析现今我国“司法机关”概念的内涵，有必要追溯我国社会主义政权下有关“司法机关”立法概念使用的历史。在新中国成立前的苏维埃政权时期，基于审检合一的机关设置模式，法院系统曾经使用“司法机关”概念。自《人民政府组织法》及“五四宪法”后，在我国宪法体制架构中，“司法机关”概念被弃用。1978年之后，“司法机关”概念在立法实践中重新出现，但实践运用中却呈现出概念指向模糊等问题。“审判机关”概念使用的选择经过了我国立宪者严肃的讨论与考量，反映了我国根本政治制度――人民代表大会制度以及我国审判基础理念――人民审判理念。
To explore the concept of “judicial branch”in China, it is necessary to trace the history of the use of the concept under the socialist regime.In the period of the Soviet regime before the founding of PRC, the concept of“judicial branch”was used by the court system based on the establishment pattern of the unity of trial and procuratorial system.Since the“People’s Government Organization Act”and “the 1954sConstitution”, The concept of“judicial branch”in the Chinese constitutional system framework was abandoned.After 1978, the concept of “judicial branch”appeared again in the legislative practice, but a lot of confusion has arisen between the concept and the implementation.The use of the concept of“judicial organ”has been taken seriously by the framers of the Constitution.It reflects the fundamental political system of our country, the construction of the People’s Congress System and the basic idea of China’s trial,the idea of the people’s trial.