法治中国建设的地方试验――一个中央与地方关系的视角

国家试错策略论、制度竞争论和法治先行论是当下解释地方法治试验的几种基本理论。这几种理论有一定解释力，但也存在不足之处，难以从总体上解释地方法治试验生发的原因，也无法看到国家整体主义与地方法治之间存在的张力。新中国成立后，特别是改革开放以来，中国不断维系和延续着国家整体主义模式。中国地方法治试验就是在这种体制背景下进行的。这种体制结构限缩了地方法治试验的操作空间，致使地方法治试验难以完全按照地方的实际情况和意图展开。在进行地方法治试验时，地方政府会在国家整体主义与地方利益之间进行微妙的平衡。要想使地方法治试验充分发挥作用，就必须重塑国家整体主义体制结构，优化央地关系，并在此基础上扩大地方法治试验的范围。
The theory of state trial and error strategy,the theory of institutional competition and the theory of rule of law antecedent are the basic theories to explain the local rule of law experiment.These theories have some explanatory power,but they also have some shortcomings.It is difficult to explain the causes of the local rule of law experiment on the whole,and nor can they see the tension between national holism and local rule of law.After the founding of New China,especially since the reform and opening up,China has been maintaining and continuing the pattern of national holism.Under the above-mentioned background,the local rule of law experiment emerged.This institutional structure limits the operating space of the local rule of law experiment,which makes it difficult to carry out the local rule of law experiment according to the local actual situation and intention.Local governments make delicate balances between national holism and local interests when conducting local rule of law experiments.In order to make the local rule of law experiment play a full role,we must reshape the national holistic structure,optimize the relationship between central and local governments,and on this basis expand the scope of local rule of law experiment.