我国认罪认罚从宽制度的两难困境及其破解

我国认罪认罚从宽制度的两年试点期限即将届满，当前试点的司法实践面临着提高司法效率与遵守法治原则的两难困境。只有深刻把握认罪认罚从宽制度“协商性司法”的本质，从协商性司法的共同逻辑出发进行制度构建，才能妥善解决二者的矛盾。比较协商性司法“效率型”与“规范型”这两大基本模式，可以发现，我国认罪认罚从宽制度的构建应采取法规范型的协商程序，但借鉴的过程不可忽略协商性司法“利益共享”的核心要素。根据我国刑事诉讼的结构特征与新时期刑事诉讼面临的新问题，我国应继续推进轻罪案件“去羁押化”、“去层级化”与“扩大审前分流”三项改革，并在坚持法治原则底线的前提下构建有限度的控辩协商程序，以完善具有中国特色的认罪认罚从宽制度。
The two-year pilot period of our country？？s System of Pleading Guilty and Accepting Punishments with Leniency (SPGAPL) is about to expire, and the judicial practice at present is faced with the dilemma of improving the judicial efficiency and complying with the principle of rule of law. To resolve the dilemma, we should recognize that SPGAPL is just one form of the negotiated justice and construct the system from the common logic of negotiated justice. By comparing two basic models of negotiated justice, the efficiency model and the regulation model, SPGAPL should borrow from the latter, and should not neglect the core elements of “benefit sharing”of the negotiated justice. According to the structural characteristics of our criminal procedure and the new procedural problems faced in our time, we should continue to promote the three reform, that is, reducing detentions, decreasing the hierarchical approval procedures and expanding the pretrial diversion, construct the limited negotiated procedure under the basic principle of rule of law, and thus establish SPGAPL with Chinese characteristics.